Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezaziwa ngokuba ziirobhothi zotolo zisetyenziselwa ukuqondisa itrafikhi kumacala athile. Ukuchaza ngokucacileyo indlela ekunene yeemoto ezijika ngasekhohlo, ngokuthe ngqo, nasekunene ngowona msebenzi wazo uphambili.
Ngokuqhelekileyo zalatha kwicala elinye nendlela, zenziwe ngeentolo ezibomvu, ezityheli neziluhlaza. Xa utolo olutyheli lulayitiwe, izithuthi esele ziwele umgca wokumisa zingaqhubeka, ngelixa abo bangenayo kufuneka bame kwaye balinde; xa utolo olubomvu lulayitiwe, izithuthi ezikuloo ndlela kufuneka ziyeke kwaye zingaweli umgca; kwaye xa utolo oluluhlaza lulayitiwe, izithuthi eziya kulo zingaqhubeka.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zetrafikhi ezijikelezayo, izibane zotolo zithintela ngempumelelo ungquzulwano lwendlela ekudibaneni kweendlela kwaye zibonelela ngezalathiso ezichanekileyo. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zemiqondiso yendlela ezidolophini kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ucwangco lwezithuthi kunye nokhuseleko kwiindlela ezibuyiselwa umva kunye nakwiindlela ezintsonkothileyo.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezaziwa ngokuba ziirobhothi zotolo zisetyenziselwa ukuqondisa itrafikhi kumacala athile. Ukuchaza ngokucacileyo indlela ekunene yeemoto ezijika ngasekhohlo, ngokuthe ngqo, nasekunene ngowona msebenzi wazo uphambili.
Ngokuqhelekileyo zalatha kwicala elinye nendlela, zenziwe ngeentolo ezibomvu, ezityheli neziluhlaza. Xa utolo olutyheli lulayitiwe, izithuthi esele ziwele umgca wokumisa zingaqhubeka, ngelixa abo bangenayo kufuneka bame kwaye balinde; xa utolo olubomvu lulayitiwe, izithuthi ezikuloo ndlela kufuneka ziyeke kwaye zingaweli umgca; kwaye xa utolo oluluhlaza lulayitiwe, izithuthi eziya kulo zingaqhubeka.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zetrafikhi ezijikelezayo, izibane zotolo zithintela ngempumelelo ungquzulwano lwendlela ekudibaneni kweendlela kwaye zibonelela ngezalathiso ezichanekileyo. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zemiqondiso yendlela ezidolophini kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ucwangco lwezithuthi kunye nokhuseleko kwiindlela ezibuyiselwa umva kunye nakwiindlela ezintsonkothileyo.
Kwiindlela zasezidolophini, ubungakanani obuphakathi obuyi-300mm utolo lwesibane sisetyenziswa rhoqo. Iingenelo zayo eziphambili zisebenza, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokubonakala, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zokuhlangana.
Nasemini eqaqambileyo, i300mm yokukhanya kwepaneli yobukhulu obuphakathi kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yesimboli yotolo ngaphakathi kwendawo yolawulo iqinisekisa ukuchongwa ngokulula. Kwimigama yesiqhelo yokuqhuba kwindlela engundoqo yasezidolophini nakwiindlela zesibini, ukuqaqamba kwayo okuqaqambileyo komphezulu kufanelekile. Ukusuka kumgama we-50 ukuya kwi-100 yeemitha, abaqhubi banokubona ngokucacileyo umbala wokukhanya kunye nesalathiso sotolo, ukuthintela ukuba benze iimpazamo ngenxa yeempawu ezincinci. Ukukhanya kwasebusuku kuqinisekisa ukubukeka okulungeleleneyo kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle kuba kungena kakhulu kwaye akubangeli amandla kwiimoto ezisondelayo.
Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphakathi, olu phawu lwetrafikhi oluyi-300mm alufuni nakuphi na ukomelezwa kwepali. Ayibizi kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, kwaye inokuxhonywa ngokuthe ngqo kumatshini wemiqondiso ehlanganisiweyo, izibiyeli ze-cantilever, okanye izibonda zeempawu zesiqhelo. Izilungele zombini iindlela eziziindlela ezimbini ezinemizila emine ukuya kwemithandathu kwaye ingahlangabezana neemfuno zofakelo lweendlela ezimxinwa ezinje ngeendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuphuma kunye neendlela zesebe. Iphelisa imfuneko yokulungelelanisa ubungakanani bokukhanya komqondiso ngokusekwe kubungakanani besiphambuka, ebonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bokuthengwa nokugcinwa kukamasipala.
Izibane ze-300mm ezibonisa utolo lwetrafikhi ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, zisebenzisa kuphela isinye kwisithathu ukuya kwisiqingatha samandla ezibane zomqondiso wendabuko, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zesignali ezincinci, zinobomi obude kakhulu benkonzo yeminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesibhozo ngenxa yoyilo lwazo oludityanisiweyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, izincedisi zazo ezihambelana kakhulu zenza kube lula ukubuyisela iindawo ezonakalisiweyo njengonikezelo lwamandla kunye nepaneli yokukhanya, okukhokelela kumjikelo omde wokulungisa kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ukuthoba iindleko zokusebenza kweziseko zophuhliso lwezithuthi zikamasipala.
Ukongeza, uphawu lotolo lwe-300mm lunobungakanani obuphakathi, alukho likhulu kakhulu ukuthabatha indawo yepali eninzi okanye incinci kakhulu ukwenza kube nzima kubahambi ngeenyawo okanye izithuthi ezingasebenzisi njini ukuba ziyiqaphele. Sisisombululo esifikelelekayo esanelisa iimfuno zezithuthi zombini kunye nezingezomoto. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintlangano ezahlukeneyo zedolophu, ukwandisa ngempumelelo ukhuseleko kunye nocwangco lwezithuthi.
A: Ekukhanyeni kwelanga elikhanyayo, abaqhubi banokubona ngokucacileyo umbala okhanyayo kunye nomgca wetolo ukusuka kwi-50-100 yeemitha kude; ebusuku okanye kwimozulu yemvula, umgama wokubonakala unokufikelela kwi-80-120 yeemitha, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuqikelela i-traffic kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo.
A: Ngaphantsi kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, ubomi bunokufikelela kwi-5-8 iminyaka. Umzimba wesibane unesakhiwo sokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nesantya esisezantsi sokungaphumeleli. Amacandelo atshintshana kakhulu, kwaye iindawo ezonakaliswe ngokulula ezifana nepaneli yesibane kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla kulula ukubuyisela ngaphandle kwesidingo sezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
A: Ukulinganisa "ukucaca" kunye "nokuguquguquka": Inoluhlu olubanzi lokubonakala ngaphezu kwe-200mm, ilungele ukunqumla iindlela ezininzi; ilula kwaye iguquguquka ngakumbi kufakelo kune-400mm, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye neendleko zokuthenga, okwenza kube yeyona nto ibiza kakhulu inkcazo ephakathi.
A: Imimiselo engqongqo kazwelonke (GB 14887-2011) iyimfuneko. Amaza abomvu angama-620-625 nm, amaza aluhlaza angama-505-510 nm, kunye ne-yellow wavelengths yi-590-595 nm. Ukukhanya kwabo ≥200 cd/㎡, eqinisekisa ukubonakala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa.
A: Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kuyenzeka. Iintolo enye (ekhohlo/ethe tye/ekunene), iintolo eziphindwe kabini (umzekelo, ukujika ngasekhohlo + ngqo phambili), kunye nendibaniselwano yentolo ezintathu-enokuthi ibhetyebhetye ihambelane ngokwemisebenzi yelayini yendlela yokuhlangana-ziphakathi kwezitayile ezixhaswa ziimveliso eziqhelekileyo.
