Isibane esibomvu sithi “yima”, isibane esiluhlaza sithi “hamba”, kwaye isibane esimthubi sithi “hamba ngokukhawuleza”. Le yindlela yendlela ebesisoloko siyikhumbula ukususela ebuntwaneni, kodwa uyazi ukuba kutheniisibane esidanyazayo sendlelaukhetha obomvu, omthubi, noluhlaza endaweni yeminye imibala?
Umbala wezibane ezikhanyayo zendlela
Siyazi ukuba ukukhanya okubonakalayo luhlobo lwamaza e-electromagnetic, oluyinxalenye ye-electromagnetic spectrum enokubonwa liliso lomntu. Ngamandla afanayo, okukhona ubude bobude bomda, kokukhona amathuba okusasazeka ancipha, kwaye okukhona uhamba umgama omde. Amaza e-electromagnetic amaza e-electromagnetic abonwa ngamehlo abantu abaqhelekileyo aphakathi kwee-nanometers ezingama-400 kunye nama-760, kwaye amaza okukhanya eefrequensi ezahlukeneyo nawo ahlukile. Phakathi kwazo, uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu yi-nanometers ezingama-760 ~ 622; uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okuphuzi yi-nanometers ezingama-597 ~ 577; uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okuluhlaza yi-nanometers ezingama-577 ~ 492. Ke ngoko, nokuba sisibane sendlela esijikelezayo okanye sisibane sendlela esitsolo, izibane zendlela ezikhanyayo ziya kuhlelwa ngokulandelelana kobomvu, tyheli, kunye noluhlaza. Phezulu okanye ngasekhohlo kufuneka kube sisibane esibomvu, ngelixa isibane esiphuzi siphakathi. Kukho isizathu solu lungiselelo - ukuba i-voltage ayizinzanga okanye ilanga linamandla kakhulu, ukulandelelana okuzinzileyo kwezibane zesignali kulula ukuba umqhubi azibone, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Imbali yezibane ezikhanyayo zendlela
Izibane zokuqala ezikhanyayo zendlela zenzelwe oololiwe endaweni yeemoto. Ngenxa yokuba ubomvu bunobude obude kakhulu kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo, bunokubonwa kude kuneminye imibala. Ke ngoko, busetyenziswa njengesibane sendlela yoololiwe. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yeempawu zalo ezitsala amehlo, iinkcubeko ezininzi zijonga ubomvu njengophawu lwesilumkiso sengozi.
Uluhlaza lulandela umbala otyheli kuphela kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuwubona umbala. Kwizibane zesignali zikaloliwe zakuqala, umbala oluhlaza ekuqaleni wawumela "isilumkiso", ngelixa umbala ongenanto okanye omhlophe wawumela "zonke iimoto".
Ngokutsho kwe-“Railway Signals”, imibala eyahlukileyo yokuqala yezibane zemiqondiso kaloliwe yayimhlophe, iluhlaza kunye nebomvu. Isibane esiluhlaza sasibonisa isilumkiso, isibane esimhlophe sasibonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukuhamba, kwaye isibane esibomvu sasibonisa ukuba uyema ulinde, njengoko kunjalo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, xa kusetyenziswa ngokwenene, izibane zemiqondiso ezinemibala ebusuku zibonakala kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezimnyama, ngelixa izibane ezimhlophe zinokudityaniswa nayo nayiphi na into. Umzekelo, inyanga eqhelekileyo, izibane, kwanezibane ezimhlophe zinokudityaniswa nayo. Kwimeko enjalo, umqhubi unokubangela ingozi kuba akakwazi ukwahlula ngokucacileyo.
Ixesha lokuveliswa kwesibane esimthubi lihambile kakhulu, kwaye umsunguli waso nguHu Ruding waseTshayina. Izibane zendlela zokuqala zazinemibala emibini kuphela, ebomvu neluhlaza. Xa uHu Ruding wayefunda eMelika kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala, wayehamba esitratweni. Xa isibane esiluhlaza savula, wayesele eza kuhamba xa imoto ejikayo yadlula kuye, yamoyikisa ukuba aphume emotweni. Ebila ngumsindo. Ngenxa yoko, weza nengcamango yokusebenzisa isibane esimthubi, oko kukuthi, umthubi obonakalayo ophezulu onobude obubonakalayo obulandelayo kubomvu, aze ahlale kwindawo "yesilumkiso" ukukhumbuza abantu ngengozi.
Ngo-1968, "Isivumelwano seeNdlela kunye neeMpawu kunye neeMpawu zeNdlela" zeZizwe eziManyeneyo sachaza intsingiselo yezibane ezahlukeneyo zendlela ezikhanyayo. Phakathi kwazo, isibane esimthubi sisetyenziswa njengomqondiso wesilumkiso. Izithuthi ezijongene nesibane esimthubi azinakuwela umgca wokuma, kodwa xa imoto ikufutshane kakhulu nomgca wokuma kwaye ingenakuma ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha, inokungena kwindawo edibana kuyo ize ilinde. Ukususela ngoko, lo mthetho usetyenziswe kwihlabathi liphela.
Oku kungentla ngumbala kunye nembali yezibane ezikhanyayo zendlela, ukuba unomdla kwizibane ezikhanyayo zendlela, wamkelekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi.umvelisi wezibane ezikhanyisa ithrafikhiQixiang ukubaFunda ngokugqithisileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi 17-2023
