Isibane esibomvu sithi "stop", ukukhanya okuluhlaza sithi "hamba", kunye nesibane esityheli sikhanyisa "hamba ngokukhawuleza". Le yifomula yetrafikhi ebesisoloko siyikhumbula ukususela ebuntwaneni, kodwa ngaba uyazi ukuba kutheniisibane esidanyazayoukhetha obomvu, omthubi, noluhlaza endaweni yeminye imibala?
Umbala wezibane ezidanyazayo
Siyazi ukuba ukukhanya okubonakalayo luhlobo lwamaza e-electromagnetic, eyinxalenye ye-electromagnetic spectrum enokuqondwa ngeliso lomntu. Kumandla afanayo, okukhona ubude bamaza bube bubude, kokukhona buyancipha ukusasazeka, kwaye kokukhona luhamba umgama. Ubude bamaza ombane obubonwa ngamehlo abantu abaqhelekileyo buphakathi kwe-400 kunye ne-760 nanometers, kwaye ubude bamaza okukhanya kweefrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo nabo bahlukile. Phakathi kwabo, uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu yi-760 ~ 622 nanometers; uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okutyheli yi-597 ~ 577 nanometers; Uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okuluhlaza yi-577 ~ 492 nanometers. Ngoko ke, enoba sisirobhothi esisetyhula okanye sisirobhothi sotolo, izibane ezidanyazayo ziya kulungelelaniswa ngokohlobo olubomvu, olutyheli noluhlaza. Umphezulu okanye ekhohlo kufuneka kube sisibane esibomvu, ngelixa isibane esityheli siphakathi. Kukho isizathu solu lungiselelo - ukuba i-voltage ayizinzile okanye ilanga linamandla kakhulu, umyalelo omiselweyo wezibane zesignali kulula kumqhubi ukuchonga, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Imbali yezibane ezidanyazayo
Izibane zokuqala ezidanyazayo zezendlela zenzelwe oololiwe kuneemoto. Ngenxa yokuba umbala obomvu unowona bude bude kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo, unokubonwa kude kuneminye imibala. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa njengesibane somqondiso wendlela koololiwe. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezitsala amehlo, iinkcubeko ezininzi zigqala ubomvu njengophawu olulumkisayo ngengozi.
Uhlaza lukwindawo yesibini emva kokutyheli kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukubona umbala. Kwizibane zokuqala zikaloliwe, uhlaza ekuqaleni lwalumele “isilumkiso”, ngeli lixa engenambala okanye emhlophe imele “zonke iindlela”.
Ngokwe "Iimpawu zikaloliwe", enye imibala yoqobo yezibane zeempawu zikaloliwe zazimhlophe, ziluhlaza kwaye zibomvu. Isibane esiluhlaza sabonisa isilumkiso, isibane esimhlophe sibonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukuhamba, nesibane esibomvu sabonisa ukuba yima kwaye ulinde, njengoko kunjalo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenziseni okwenyani, izibane zombala ezinemibala ebusuku zibonakala ngokucacileyo ngokuchasene nezakhiwo ezimnyama, ngelixa izibane ezimhlophe zinokudibaniswa nantoni na. Ngokomzekelo, inyanga eqhelekileyo, izibane, kunye nezibane ezimhlophe zinokudibaniswa nayo. Kule meko, umqhubi kunokwenzeka ukuba abangele ingozi kuba akakwazi ukwahlula ngokucacileyo.
Ixesha lokwenziwa kokukhanya komqondiso otyheli sele lisemva kwexesha, kwaye umqambi walo nguChinese Hu Ruding. Iirobhothi zakuqala zazinemibala emibini kuphela, obomvu noluhlaza. Xa uHu Ruding wayefunda eUnited States kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala, wayehamba esitratweni. Kuthe xa kulayitwa isibane esiluhlaza wathi xa ezakuhamba kwadlula imoto ejikayo imoyikisa ukuba aphume emotweni. Kumbilo obandayo. Ngoko ke, weza nombono wokusebenzisa ukukhanya komqondiso ophuzi, oko kukuthi, ukubonakala okuphezulu kwephuzi kunye ne-wavelength ebonakalayo okwesibini kuphela kubomvu, kwaye uhlale kwindawo "yesilumkiso" ukukhumbuza abantu ngengozi.
Ngowe-1968, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo “iSivumelwano ngeNdlela yeNdlela kunye neMiqondiso yeNdlela neMiqondiso” yachaza intsingiselo yezibane ezahlukahlukeneyo ezidanyazayo. Phakathi kwabo, ukukhanya kwesalathisi esiphuzi kusetyenziswa njengesignali yesilumkiso. Izithuthi ezijongene nokukhanya okuphuzi azikwazi ukuwela umgca wokumisa, kodwa xa isithuthi sisondele kakhulu kumgca wokumisa kwaye asinakumisa ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha, sinokungena kwi-intersection kwaye silinde. Ukusukela ngoko, lo mgaqo usetyenziswa kulo lonke ihlabathi.
Oku ngasentla ngumbala kunye nembali yezibane ezidanyazayo, ukuba unomdla kwi-traffic lighting light, wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelanetraffic idanyaza umvelisi ukukhanyaQixiang ukubaFunda ngokugqithisileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-17-2023
